What is Keratoconus?
Keratoconus is a condition where the cornea, the clear, dome-shaped front surface of the eye, thins and gradually bulges outward into a cone shape. This abnormal shape prevents the light entering the eye from being focused correctly on the retina, resulting in blurred or distorted vision.
Causes of Keratoconus
The exact cause of keratoconus is unknown, but several factors are believed to contribute to its development:
Genetic Factors: Keratoconus often runs in families, suggesting a genetic predisposition.
Environmental Factors: Excessive eye rubbing, and chronic eye irritation may increase the risk.
Medical Conditions: Certain conditions, such as Down syndrome, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, Asthma and Chronic Allergy are associated with a higher incidence of keratoconus.
Oxidative Stress: An imbalance between free radicals and antioxidants in the cornea can weaken its structure, leading to keratoconus.
Symptoms of Keratoconus
Keratoconus typically begins in the teenage years or early 20s and progresses slowly over several years. Symptoms vary as the disease progresses and may include:
Blurred or distorted vision
Increased sensitivity to light and glare
Frequent changes in eyeglass prescriptions especially Astigmatism
Difficulty with night vision
Seeing halos around lights
Eye strain and headaches
Double vision or ghosting
Diagnosing Keratoconus
An ophthalmologist can diagnose keratoconus through a comprehensive eye examination, which may include the following tests:
Corneal Topography: This test maps the surface curvature of the cornea and is the most accurate method for diagnosing and monitoring keratoconus.
Slit-Lamp Examination: A special microscope is used to examine the cornea's structure.
Pachymetry: This test measures the thickness of the cornea.
Keratometry: This test measures the curvature of the cornea.
Treatment Options for Keratoconus
While there is no cure for keratoconus, several treatment options can help manage the condition and improve vision. The appropriate treatment depends on the severity and progression of the disease.
Eyeglasses and Contact Lenses:
Eyeglasses: In the early stages, glasses can correct mild astigmatism and improve vision.
Soft Contact Lenses: Specially designed soft contact lenses can provide better vision than glasses.
Rigid Gas Permeable (RGP) Contact Lenses: RGP lenses provide a smooth surface that compensates for the irregular shape of the cornea.
Hybrid Contact Lenses: These lenses have a rigid center with a soft outer ring, offering the benefits of both soft and RGP lenses.
Scleral Lenses: Larger lenses that vault over the cornea and rest on the sclera (white part of the eye), providing comfort and stable vision.
Corneal Cross-Linking:
This minimally invasive procedure strengthens the corneal tissue to halt the progression of keratoconus. It involves applying riboflavin (vitamin B2) drops to the cornea and then exposing it to ultraviolet (UV) light. The UV light activates the riboflavin, creating new bonds between the collagen fibers in the cornea.
Topography-Guided Custom Ablation:
This laser procedure reshapes the cornea to improve its surface irregularities and enhance vision. It is often combined with corneal cross-linking. This treatment may only be possible during the early stages of the disease.
Corneal Transplant:
In severe cases where other treatments are ineffective, a corneal transplant may be necessary. The damaged cornea is replaced with a healthy donor cornea. There are two main types of corneal transplants for keratoconus:
Penetrating Keratoplasty (PK): The entire thickness of the cornea is replaced.
Deep Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty (DALK): Only the outer and middle layers of the cornea are replaced, preserving the inner layer.
Living with Keratoconus
Managing keratoconus requires a combination of medical treatment, lifestyle adjustments, and emotional support. Here are some tips for living with keratoconus:
Avoid Eye Rubbing: Rubbing your eyes can worsen keratoconus. Use eye drops or other treatments to relieve irritation.
Regular Eye Exams: Frequent eye check-ups are essential to monitor the progression of keratoconus and adjust treatment as needed.
Protect Your Eyes: Wear sunglasses to protect your eyes from UV rays and reduce exposure to environmental irritants.
Healthy Diet: A diet rich in antioxidants can support overall eye health. Include fruits, vegetables, nuts, and fish in your diet.
Stay Informed: Educate yourself about keratoconus and stay updated on new treatments and research.
For more information about Keratoconus visit www.DefeatKeratoconus.com
